艰难

jiān nán

difficile; dur; ardu

HSK Level 5

Exemples de phrases

学习中文很艰难。

xuéxí zhōngwén hěn jiānnán.

Learning Chinese is very difficult.

生活很艰难,但我不会放弃。

shēnghuó hěn jiānnán, dàn wǒ bù huì fàngqì.

Life is hard, but I won't give up.

我们必须克服重重艰难才能取得成功。

wǒmen bìxū kèfú chóngchóng jiānnán cáinéng qǔdé chénggōng.

We must overcome many difficulties in order to succeed.

Synonymes

艰苦 (jiānkǔ)

hardship

困难 (kùnnan)

difficulty

Antonymes

容易 (róngyì)

easy

简单 (jiǎndān)

simple

Étymologie et composants

The Chinese word 艰难 (jīnnán) means "difficult" or "arduous". It is composed of two characters: 艰 (jiān), which means "difficult" or "hard", and 难 (nán), which means "difficult" or "troublesome". The combination of these two characters creates a word that emphasizes the extreme difficulty or hardship of a situation.The character 艰 (jiān) is composed of two parts: the radical 力 (lì), which means "strength" or "power", and the phonetic component 姦 (jiān), which has the same pronunciation as 艰 but a different meaning. The radical 力 suggests that 艰 is related to physical effort or exertion, while the phonetic component 姦 hints at the idea of difficulty or trouble.The character 难 (nán) is also composed of two parts: the radical 辵 (chù), which means "to walk" or "to go", and the phonetic component 男 (nán), which has the same pronunciation as 难 but a different meaning. The radical 辵 suggests that 难 is related to movement or progress, while the phonetic component 男 hints at the idea of difficulty or hardship.When these two characters are combined to form 艰难 (jīnnán), the meaning is intensified, creating a word that conveys a sense of extreme difficulty or arduousness. It is often used to describe situations that require great effort, perseverance, or struggle to overcome.

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