chú le
à part (construction « chule...yiwai »)
除了他，没有人能做到。
Chúle tā, méiyǒu rén néng zuòdào.
No one can do it except him.
除了学习，他什么也不做。
Chúle xuéxí, tā shénme yě bù zuò.
He does nothing but study.
除了看书，他什么也不喜欢。
Chúle kànshū, tā shénme yě bù xǐhuan.
He likes nothing but reading.
包括 (bāo kuò)
include
除了 (chú le)
except
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The Chinese word 除了 (chúle) is a preposition that means "except for" or "in addition to". It is composed of two characters: 除 (chú), which means "to remove" or "to except", and 了 (le), which is a particle that indicates completion or result.The earliest known use of 除了 is in the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) text Shiji (史记), where it is used in the sense of "except for". For example, in the following sentence from the Shiji, 除了 means "except for":秦始皇兼天下，除了黔首。(Qín Shǐhuáng jiān tiānxià, chúle qiánshǒu.)"Qin Shihuang unified the world, except for the common people."In modern Chinese, 除了 is still used in the sense of "except for" or "in addition to". For example, in the following sentences, 除了 means "except for":除了他，没有人知道这件事。(Chúle tā, méiyǒu rén zhīdào zhè jiàn shì.)"Except for him, no one knows about this matter."除了学习，他还有很多其他的爱好。(Chúle xuéxí, tā hái yǒu hěnduō qítā de àihào.)"In addition to studying, he also has many other hobbies."除了 is a versatile preposition that can be used in a variety of contexts. It is an important word for HSK learners to know, as it is used frequently in both spoken and written Chinese.
