zhì yuē
restreindre; contrainte; retenue
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经济发展受到资源的制约。
jīngjì fāzhǎn shòudào zīyuán de zhìyuè.
Economic development is constrained by resources.
由于资金的制约,这个项目无法按时完成。
yóuyú zījīn de zhìyuè, zhège xiàngmù wúfǎ ànshí wánchéng.
Due to financial constraints, this project cannot be completed on time.
环境污染对人类健康构成严重制约。
huánjìng wūrǎn duì rénlèi jiànkāng gòuchéng yánzhòng zhìyuè.
Environmental pollution poses a serious threat to human health.
限制 (xiànzhì)
limitation
约束 (yuēshù)
constraint
自由 (zì yóu)
freedom
自主 (zì zhǔ)
autonomy
The Chinese word 制约 (zhì yuè) is composed of two characters: 制 (zhì), meaning "to control" or "to restrain", and 约 (yuè), meaning "to bind" or "to restrict". Together, these characters form a compound word that means "to control" or "to restrict".The word 制约 is often used in a political or economic context to refer to the ways in which one country or organization can control or influence another. For example, a country may use economic sanctions to 制约 (zhì yuè) another country's economy, or a government may use laws and regulations to 制约 (zhì yuè) the activities of businesses.The word 制约 can also be used in a more general sense to refer to any situation in which one thing is controlled or restricted by another. For example, a person's health may be 制约 (zhì yuè) by their diet, or a student's grades may be 制约 (zhì yuè) by their study habits.In addition to its literal meaning, the word 制约 can also have a figurative meaning of "to limit" or "to constrain". For example, a person's freedom may be 制约 (zhì yuè) by social norms, or a company's growth may be 制约 (zhì yuè) by a lack of resources.The word 制约 is a versatile word that can be used in a variety of contexts to express the idea of control, restriction, or limitation. It is an important word for HSK learners to know, as it is commonly used in both written and spoken Chinese.