wén huà
culture
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中国文化博大精深。
Zhōngguó wénhuà bó dà jīng shēn.
Chinese culture is extensive and profound.
我们应该弘扬中华文化。
Wǒmen yīnggāi hóngyáng zhōnghuá wénhuà.
We should carry forward Chinese culture.
文化差异导致了沟通障碍。
Wénhuà chāyì dǎozhìle gōutōng zhàng'ài.
Cultural differences lead to communication barriers.
文明 (wénmíng)
civilization
修养 (xiūyǎng)
cultivation
野蛮 (yěmán)
barbaric
粗俗 (cūsú)
vulgar
The Chinese word 文化 (wénhuà) is composed of two characters: 文 (wén) and 化 (huà). 文 originally meant "pattern" or "design", and later came to refer to "culture" or "civilization". 化 originally meant "to change" or "to transform", and later came to refer to "education" or "cultivation". Thus, the word 文化 literally means "the transformation of patterns", and refers to the process of human development and refinement through education and learning. In a broader sense, 文化 can also refer to the sum total of a society's beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior.
